三叶鬼针草生物量分配与化感作用对大气温度升高的响应

全球气候变暖已经成为不容置疑的事实,同时外来入侵植物对入侵地的生态环境造成严重的危害,外来入侵植物可能对温度升高做出积极地响应。文章研究了不同温度(22、26和30℃)处理对入侵植物三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa L.)种子萌发、幼苗生物量分配及化感作用的影响,探讨三叶鬼针草对全球气候变暖的响应策略。结果表明;温度为22和26℃比30℃有利于三叶鬼针草种子的萌发。温度升高显著增加三叶鬼针草的株高、生物量和叶面积,三叶鬼针草幼苗增加对茎和叶的生物量投资。同时相同浓度的三叶鬼针草水浸提液对马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop)和牛筋草(Eleusine indica(L.)Gaertn)的化感作用随着温度升高而增强。研究表明:温度升高促进了三叶鬼针草的生长,改变生物量分配模式同时增强了对受体植物的化感作用。温度升高可能是促进三叶鬼针草入侵的生态环境因子之一,未来全球气温变暖可能使其入侵加剧。     

微波再生载苯酚活性炭过程中再生产物分析

研究了载氮气和无载气2种条件下,微波再生载苯酚活性炭过程中再生产物的成分和苯酚随再生过程的去向分布。结果表明,无载气时,微波功率越高,再生反应器内温度越高,吸附质的高温裂解反应越彻底,再生产物以挥发性气体为主,有机质种类很少;而当微波功率较低或载氮气再生时,反应器内温度相对较低,苯酚难以被彻底分解,再生产物中含多种复杂的链状或环状有机物。此外,载氮气时,经气提、挥发而去除的苯酚量约占总吸附量的一半,再生炭上无苯酚残留,活性炭吸附性能可完全恢复乃至优化;无载气时,经挥发而去除的苯酚量只有19.9%,其余大量苯酚则在微波作用下裂解或缩合为其他物质随尾气而去除,且再生炭上仍有少量苯酚未被解吸出来。因此,前者活性炭再生的效果优于后者。     

昌吉州高耗能炼焦业污染物排放现状及社会经济贡献分析

应用昌吉州第一次全国污染源普查成果,并在此基础上综合分析了昌吉州煤化产业的前景,炼焦业的现状、污染状况以及社会经济贡献,对发展昌吉州焦化产业与减轻环境污染提出了对策建议。     

层次分析法的改进及在安全决策中应用的研究

本文根据化工行业的特点及调研资料，建立了影响安全的层次结构模型即安全指标体系。并利用改进式层次分析法（IAHP）对该体系进行分析，得出了各个因素对安全的影响系数（权重）。     

核电站温排水遥感监测方法研究——以田湾核电站为例

以江苏省连云港田湾核电站为主要研究区，通过热红外遥感技术研究温排水热污染现象，综合应用美国Landsat卫星热红外波段数据及地面气象测站资料，定量反演核电站建成前后附近海域水温分布与变化情况。研究结果表明，遥感技术完全能够满足温排水监测要求，对于完善近岸海域生态环境保护工作具有积极意义。     

基于空间信息技术的呼伦湖流域研究

通过对干涉雷达技术任务(SRTM)数据处理,运用土壤与水评价工具(SWAT)模型对呼伦湖整个流域的数字高程模型(DEM)进行水文特征提取,分析流域地形分布情况。呼伦湖全流域面积约为25.6万km2,蒙古国部分约为16.3万km2,约占总面积的63.7%。坡度为0～2.0°的地形主要分布在中国境内的呼伦湖南岸和东岸以及贝尔湖周边的平坦草原上,降雨主要被植被截留和土壤吸收,产汇流条件差;而呼伦湖的主要水源、产汇流条件较好的克鲁伦河和乌尔逊河,其产流区大部分位于蒙古国。2国应加强流域综合管理,合理配置水资源,以保证下游入湖的水量来防止呼伦湖的持续萎缩。     

黄岛电厂温排水对大型底栖生物群落的影响

以黄岛电厂温排水邻近海域为研究对象，2010年9月调查了电厂温排水对该海域大型底栖生物群落结构的影响。在9个站点共采集到大型底栖生物76种，平均生物量5．79 g/m2，平均密度830 m-2。利用Bray-Curtis相似性聚类对各样本大型底栖生物分析得出，调查区域可划分为4个群落。各样点Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在2．42～4．25之间，平均指数为3．67，其中靠近温排水区域站位的生物多样性呈现下降的趋势。丰度生物量比较（Abundance/biomass comparison， ABC）曲线分析结果显示，靠近排水口处的大型底栖生物群落受到一定程度的干扰。冗余分析（ RDA）结果表明，水温是影响底栖生物群落变化的最主要因子，对调查区域大型底栖生物群落变化的解释量达到60．5％，影响范围为排水口附近温升在3℃以上的区域。     

Comparison of the Performance of Statistical Models in Forecasting Monthly Total Dissolved Solids in the Rio Grande1

Abudu, S., J.P. King, Z. Sheng, 2011. Comparison of the Performance of Statistical Models in Forecasting Monthly Total Dissolved Solids in the Rio Grande. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(1): 10‐23. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00587.x Abstract: This paper presents the application of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), transfer function‐noise (TFN), and artificial neural networks (ANNs) modeling approaches in forecasting monthly total dissolved solids (TDS) of water in the Rio Grande at El Paso, Texas. Predictability analysis was performed between the precipitation, temperature, streamflow rates at the site, releases from upstream reservoirs, and monthly TDS using cross‐correlation statistical tests. The chi‐square test results indicated that the average monthly temperature and precipitation did not show significant predictability on monthly TDS series. The performances of one‐ to three‐month‐ahead model forecasts for the testing period of 1984‐1994 showed that the TFN model that incorporated the streamflow rates at the site and Caballo Reservoir release improved monthly TDS forecasts slightly better than the ARIMA models. Except for one‐month‐ahead forecasts, the ANN models using the streamflow rates at the site as inputs resulted in no significant improvements over the TFN models at two‐month‐ahead and three‐month‐ahead forecasts. For three‐month‐ahead forecasts, the simple ARIMA showed similar performance compared to all other models. The results of this study suggested that simple deseasonalized ARIMA models could be used in one‐ to three‐month‐ahead TDS forecasting at the study site with a simple, explicit model structure and similar model performance as the TFN and ANN models for better water management in the Basin.     

Carbon isotope analysis for source identification of atmospheric formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve in South China

Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde are two most abundant carbonyls in ambient air. Biogenic emission has been proposed as a significant source other than anthropogenic emissions and atmospheric secondary formation. Here at a forest site in South China, the carbon isotopic compositions of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emitted from leaves of three tree species (Litsea rotundifolia, Canarium album and Castanea henryi) were measured in comparison with the bulk carbon isotopic compositions of tree leaves. δ¹³C data of the emitted aldehydes (from ?31‰ to ?46‰) were quite different for tree species, which were all more depleted in ¹³C than the tree-leaf bulk δ¹³C values (from ?27‰ to ?32‰). Formaldehyde in ambient air at the forest site had δ¹³C values different from those of leaf-emitted formaldehyde, indicating other sources for ambient formaldehyde apart from direct emission from leaves, most probably the photooxidation of biogenic hydrocarbon like isoprene and monoterpene. The δ¹³C differences of acetaldehyde between ambient data and those of tree leaves emission were less than 1‰, implying direct biogenic emission as the dominant source.     

四川省自贡市蛋鸡场鸡粪处理工艺

本文主要阐述自贡市蛋鸡场在养鸡生产实践中面临着鸡粪处理这一难题，选用四川省农机所设计，并由四川省资中通风机械厂试剂的GZS-0.5型鸡粪干燥成套设备进行鸡粪加工的工作，本场对GZS-0.5型鸡粪干燥成套设备废气的净化处理有所改进创新。